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**Route guards** are mechanisms that **control access to routes** in Angular.

They decide:
whether a route can be opened,
whether you can leave it,
whether a module should be loaded, and so on.

---

### Main types of guard

- `CanActivate` - whether a route can be entered;
- `CanDeactivate` - whether you can leave the current component;
- `CanActivateChild` - whether child routes can be entered;
- `CanLoad` - whether a lazy module can be loaded;
- `CanMatch` - a newer, flexible guard for checking a route match.

---

### How it works:

A guard is simply a class with a method that returns `true`, `false`, or `Observable/Promise<boolean>`.
If it returns `false`, Angular does not let the user onto the route.

---

### Example:

```ts
@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
  canActivate(): boolean {
    return isUserLoggedIn(); // true or false
  }
}
```

```ts
{ path: 'admin', component: AdminComponent, canActivate: [AuthGuard] }
```

---

**Summary:**
A guard is a **filter placed before a route**, to keep out what should not be shown.

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