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How is Compose different from a Dockerfile?

A Dockerfile is an instruction for how to build an image. It describes what should be inside the container: packages, dependencies, files, build and run commands.

Docker Compose is a tool for how to run several containers together, configuring their links, ports, volumes, environment variables, and so on. It uses already-built images (including ones built from a Dockerfile).

In short:

QuestionDockerfileDocker Compose
TaskBuild an imageRun and orchestrate several containers
FormatInstructions for creating an environmentDescription of services, networks, and volumes
LevelOne containerSeveral services as one system

The usual pairing is: Dockerfile creates the image → docker-compose.yml starts the needed number of containers, links them, and brings up the whole environment with one command.

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