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Refine the answer for “Which Git commands are used to undo changes?”. Your changes go to moderation before they’re published.

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Answer (EN)

Undoing changes in Git uses **several commands**, and the choice depends on **the stage the changes are at**.

---

## 1. Undoing changes in the working tree (before `git add`)

### `git restore <file>`

Undoes changes in a file and returns it to the state of the last commit.

```bash
git restore file.txt
```

### `git checkout -- <file>` (aging option)

Does the same thing, but is considered less preferred.

```bash
git checkout -- file.txt
```

---

## 2. Undoing a staging area addition (unstage)

### `git restore --staged <file>`

Removes the file from the staging area, but **keeps the changes in the working tree**.

```bash
git restore --staged file.txt
```

### `git reset <file>`

An alternative way to remove a file from the index.

```bash
git reset file.txt
```

---

## 3. Undoing a commit while changing history

### `git reset`

Used to roll back local commits.

```bash
git reset --soft HEAD~1   # undo the commit, keep the changes staged
git reset --mixed HEAD~1  # undo the commit, keep the changes in the working directory
git reset --hard HEAD~1   # completely remove the commit and the changes
```

Changes history, dangerous for public branches.

---

## 4. Undoing a commit without changing history

### `git revert`

Creates a new commit that undoes the changes of the specified commit.

```bash
git revert HEAD
```

Safe for shared branches.

---

## 5. Temporarily undoing changes

### `git stash`

Temporarily saves changes and clears the working tree.

```bash
git stash
git stash pop
```

---

## Key phrasing for an interview

> Undoing changes in Git uses the `restore`, `reset`, `revert`, and `stash` commands. The specific command is chosen depending on where the changes are: the working tree, the staging area, or the commit history.

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