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Answer (EN)

`git diff` is used to **view differences (changes) between file versions**: before a commit, after a commit, or between commits/branches.

Simply put: the command shows **exactly what changed**, not just *that something changed*.

## What `git diff` shows by default

```bash
git diff
```

Shows:

- differences **between the working directory and the staging area**
- changes that **have not yet been added** via `git add`

---

## Main use cases

### Difference between the staging area and the last commit

```bash
git diff --staged
# or
git diff --cached
```

---

### All changes (both staged and unstaged)

```bash
git diff HEAD
```

---

### Difference between two commits

```bash
git diff commit1 commit2
```

---

### Difference between branches

```bash
git diff main feature/login
```

---

### Changes in a specific file

```bash
git diff src/app.js
```

---

## How to read `git diff` output

```diff
- const a = 1;
+ const a = 2;
```

- `-` - a removed line
- `+` - an added line
- no sign - context

---

## Why `git diff` is used in practice

- Check code **before** `git add`
- Deliberately shape commits
- Find the source of a bug
- Do a code review locally
- Compare implementations

---

## Frequent mistakes

- Confusing `git diff` and `git status`
- Not checking changes before a commit
- Committing "blindly"

---

## Short version for an interview

> `git diff` **is used to view differences between file versions - in the working directory, staging area, commits, or branches.**

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