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**Geospatial** types in Redis are a set of commands that let you store and process **geographic coordinates (longitude and latitude)**, and run fast **geospatial queries**, for example, finding nearby points or calculating the distance between them.

Redis has no separate "geo type", geodata is stored inside a **Sorted Set (ZSet)**, where the score is used to encode the coordinates.

### How this is set up

Every location is a `(longitude, latitude)` pair, converted into a special numeric code (a Geohash).
That code is stored as the **score** in a sorted set (ZSet).
This lets Redis:

- add points to a map,
- find the points nearest to a given one,
- calculate distances,
- filter by radius.

### Main commands

| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| `GEOADD key longitude latitude member [longitude latitude member ...]` | add one or several points |
| `GEOPOS key member [member ...]` | get a point's coordinates |
| `GEODIST key member1 member2 [unit]` | calculate the distance between two points |
| `GEORADIUS key longitude latitude radius unit [options]` | find points within a radius (deprecated, replaced by GEOSEARCH) |
| `GEOSEARCH key FROMMEMBER <member> BYRADIUS <radius> <unit>` | find points around another point |
| `GEOSEARCH key FROMLONLAT <lon> <lat> BYBOX <width> <height> <unit>` | search within an area (a rectangle) |
| `GEOHASH key member [member ...]` | get geohashes (as short strings) |

### Example

```bash
GEOADD cities 37.618423 55.751244 "Moscow"
GEOADD cities 30.31413 59.93863 "Saint-Petersburg"
GEODIST cities "Moscow" "Saint-Petersburg" km
```

Result:

```javascript
633.4789
```

### A radius-search example

```bash
GEOADD shops 37.6 55.7 "Shop1" 37.65 55.75 "Shop2" 37.7 55.8 "Shop3"
GEOSEARCH shops FROMLONLAT 37.61 55.74 BYRADIUS 10 km WITHDIST
```

Result:

```javascript
1) "Shop1" (0.4 km)
2) "Shop2" (5.7 km)
3) "Shop3" (9.8 km)
```

### Units of measurement

Supported units:

- `m`, meters
- `km`, kilometers
- `mi`, miles
- `ft`, feet

### Internal structure

- Every point is stored in a **ZSet**, where `score` is a 52-bit geo-coded value (a Geohash).
- Redis uses a **Mercator projection** algorithm to approximately convert coordinates into numbers.
- Search runs through range operations on the score, which makes it very fast, **O(log N)**.

### Uses

- Finding the nearest shops, delivery points, or drivers.
- Geo-analytics, point density, activity by region.
- Games and logistics systems with geolocation.
- Real-time object tracking.

### A practical example

```bash
GEOADD couriers 37.61 55.75 "Courier:101"
GEOADD couriers 37.63 55.76 "Courier:102"
GEOSEARCH couriers FROMMEMBER "Courier:101" BYRADIUS 2 km WITHDIST
```

Every courier within 2 km of a given one can be found instantly.

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