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**Technical SEO** is the optimization of a site's **technical side**, so that search engines can correctly crawl, index, and rank it.

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### What it includes:

#### 1. **Site structure and URLs**

- Human-readable links;
- page hierarchy;
- no duplicates.

#### 2. **The robots.txt file and sitemap.xml**

- Managing access for bots;
- Specifying which pages should be indexed.

#### 3. **Correct server response codes**

- 200: ok;
- 301: permanent redirect;
- 404: not found;
- 500: server error.

#### 4. **Loading speed optimization**

- Image compression;
- minifying JS and CSS;
- using cache and a CDN.

#### 5. **Mobile adaptation**

- Responsive design;
- correct display on different devices.

#### 6. **Core Web Vitals**

- Render speed (LCP);
- responsiveness to actions (FID/INP);
- layout stability (CLS).

#### 7. **Markup and microformats**

- [Schema.org](http://Schema.org);
- Open Graph;
- correct meta tags.

#### 8. **Security**

- HTTPS;
- no malicious code.

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In short: **technical SEO is the foundation** on which content and links are built. Without it, a site can be great, but "invisible" to search engines.

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